Aksesibilitas Bandara dan Daya Saing Pariwisata Halal: Analisis Kritis Terhadap Terminal 3 Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis infrastruktur aksesibilitas Terminal 3 Bandara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta dan implikasinya terhadap posisi Indonesia sebagai destinasi pariwisata halal terkemuka. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis yang menggabungkan analisis data sekunder dari statistik resmi, pembandingan (benchmarking) terhadap standar bandara internasional (IATA), dan studi kasus komparatif dari bandara-bandara regional termasuk Singapura Changi, Bangkok Suvarnabhumi, dan Bandara Internasional Kuala Lumpur. Meskipun Indonesia menduduki peringkat pertama dalam Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) 2024, fasilitas sirkulasi vertikal Terminal 3 masih tidak memadai bagi jemaah haji dan umrah lanjut usia; terminal seluas 422.804 meter persegi tersebut hanya dilengkapi empat lift penumpang, dengan jarak antarfasilitas yang melebihi 400 meter—bertentangan dengan standar IATA yang menetapkan jarak berjalan kaki maksimum 250–300 meter. Kontribusi teoritis penelitian ini memperluas kerangka kualitas layanan–daya saing destinasi, sementara implikasi praktisnya merekomendasikan perbaikan infrastruktur mendesak berupa sistem automated people mover dan peningkatan sirkulasi vertikal, khususnya untuk melayani 241.000 jemaah haji dan 1,8 juta jemaah umrah Indonesia setiap tahunnya.
Kata kunci: pariwisata halal; aksesibilitas bandara; kualitas layanan; GMTI; jemaah umrah; Terminal 3 Soekarno-Hatta
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