Sinergi Fiskal-Moneter untuk Pertumbuhan Berkelanjutan
Kritik Konstruktif atas Perdebatan Kebijakan Ekonomi Indonesia dari Perspektif Ekonomi Pariwisata
Kata Kunci:
koordinasi fiskal-moneter, independensi bank sentral, transmisi kebijakan moneter, UMKM pariwisata, inklusi keuangan digitalAbstrak
Artikel ini menganalisis perdebatan publik antara Kementerian Keuangan dan Bank Indonesia mengenai arah kebijakan ekonomi melalui kacamata akademis yang didukung bukti empiris dari jurnal internasional bereputasi, dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi akar permasalahan koordinasi fiskal-moneter dan merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan berbasis bukti. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan analisis literatur sistematis dari jurnal terindeks Scopus Q1 dan Q2 periode 2022–2025, data sekunder dari Bank Indonesia, Kementerian Keuangan, IMF, dan Bank Dunia, serta observasi lapangan pada UMKM sektor pariwisata. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa inti permasalahan tidak semata-mata terletak pada Bank Indonesia, melainkan pada: (1) fragmentasi kelembagaan dalam koordinasi kebijakan; (2) lemahnya transmisi kebijakan moneter di tingkat perbankan dengan kesenjangan 105 basis poin antara penurunan suku bunga acuan dan suku bunga kredit; (3) kesenjangan pembiayaan UMKM yang mencapai USD 5,7 triliun secara global dengan 47% permintaan yang belum terpenuhi di Indonesia; dan (4) arsitektur kebijakan yang dirancang untuk era yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menawarkan perspektif unik dengan memadukan analisis makroekonomi yang berlandaskan literatur akademik terkini dengan pengamatan dari praktisi ekonomi pariwisata yang secara langsung merasakan dampak kebijakan terhadap UMKM sektor jasa.
Kata kunci: koordinasi fiskal-moneter; independensi bank sentral; transmisi kebijakan moneter; UMKM pariwisata; inklusi keuangan digital
Referensi
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