Transformasi Digital Ekosistem Pariwisata: Analisis Platform Economy atas Pasal 17K-L UU No. 18 Tahun 2025 dan Rancangan Indonesia Travel Operating System

Authors

Keywords:

transformasi digital, platform economy, smart destination, UU No. 18/2025 , Digital Public Infrastructure, Indonesia Travel Operating System

Abstract

Pariwisata global telah mengalami tiga fase transformasi digital: e-tourism (1990-2010), smart tourism (2010-2020), dan ambient intelligence tourism/AI-powered 2.0 (2020-sekarang) (Buhalis, 2020; Buhalis et al., 2023). Indonesia saat ini masih terkunci dalam fase pertama—didominasi oleh platform-platform global (Booking.com, Traveloka, Agoda) yang mengekstrak data dan nilai ekonomi tanpa mengembalikan insight terintegrasi kepada ekosistem domestik. UU No. 18 Tahun 2025 Pasal 17K-L yang mengamanatkan Sistem Data Kepariwisataan Tunggal menyediakan momentum untuk leapfrog ke fase smart tourism dan ambient intelligence. Namun, UU tidak menentukan arsitektur platform, mekanisme tata kelola data, atau model interoperabilitas—menciptakan kesenjangan antara amanat normatif dan kapasitas operasional. Artikel ini mengevaluasi rancangan transformasi digital pariwisata Indonesia melalui kerangka platform economy (Evans & Schmalensee, 2016), smart destination (Buhalis & Amaranggana, 2014), dan data governance (Kitchin, 2014). Metodologi menggabungkan analisis arsitektur platform, benchmarking terhadap tiga yurisdiksi maju (Singapura dengan STAN-TIH-Tcube, Thailand dengan TAT Smart Tourism, Jepang dengan JTA Data Platform), dan evaluasi kondisi digital pariwisata Indonesia saat ini. Temuan menunjukkan tiga pola strategis: pertama, platform tourism yang berhasil beroperasi sebagai Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—bukan sekadar dashboard pemerintah, tetapi infrastruktur terbuka yang memungkinkan kolaborasi multi-pihak. Kedua, arsitektur layered (data layer, services layer, experience layer) dengan API-first strategy merupakan prinsip desain yang konsisten di semua yurisdiksi sukses. Ketiga, tata kelola data memerlukan kombinasi mandatory sharing (untuk data publik) dan voluntary sharing dengan insentif (untuk data swasta). Artikel ini mengusulkan rancangan Indonesia Travel Operating System(ITOS)—platform pemerintah sebagai DPI pariwisata dengan tiga modul (Data Platform, Services Hub, Experience Layer), lima principles tata kelola, arsitektur teknis open-source-first, dan roadmap implementasi 5 tahun hingga 2030.

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Published

06/30/2026

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 02 (2026): DESTINASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata & Hospitality

Section

Original Research Articles

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How to Cite

Transformasi Digital Ekosistem Pariwisata: Analisis Platform Economy atas Pasal 17K-L UU No. 18 Tahun 2025 dan Rancangan Indonesia Travel Operating System. (2026). DESTINASI: Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research, 1(02), 217-233. https://jurnaldestinasi.id/index.php/destinasi/article/view/29

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