Pariwisata Hijau sebagai Strategi Pemulihan Pascabencana dan Rehabilitasi Ekosistem
Studi Kasus Bencana Banjir Bandang Sumatera November 2025
Kata Kunci:
pariwisata hijau, rehabilitasi ekosistem, pemulihan pascabencana, deforestasi, pariwisata berkelanjutan, pariwisata berbasis masyarakat, ketahanan iklimAbstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis potensi pariwisata hijau sebagai strategi pemulihan pascabencana dan pendekatan rehabilitasi ekosistem di Pulau Sumatera, khususnya pascabencana banjir bandang November 2025 yang melanda Aceh, Sumatera Utara, dan Sumatera Barat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan analisis data sekunder dari berbagai sumber, meliputi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB), Bank Dunia, serta jurnal akademik internasional terindeks Scopus Q1 dan Q2; analisis komparatif juga dilakukan terhadap model rehabilitasi hutan berbasis pariwisata di berbagai negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deforestasi masif sebesar 3,86 juta hektar selama 1998–2020 merupakan faktor kritis yang memperparah dampak bencana, dan pariwisata hijau menawarkan paradigma baru yang mengintegrasikan rehabilitasi ekologi, pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat, serta pencegahan bencana. Lima model implementasi berhasil diidentifikasi, yaitu zona rehabilitasi ekowisata, pariwisata hutan berbasis masyarakat, pariwisata karbon dengan kemitraan korporat, pemantauan digital untuk transparansi, dan pariwisata daerah aliran sungai terpadu. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan komprehensif yang mencakup moratorium pelepasan kawasan hutan, alokasi anggaran rehabilitasi minimum Rp5 triliun per tahun, pembentukan badan rehabilitasi lintas sektor, insentif fiskal bagi usaha pariwisata berkelanjutan, serta optimalisasi mekanisme pendanaan iklim internasional. Kontribusi orisinal penelitian ini terletak pada integrasi perspektif pariwisata berkelanjutan, kerangka manajemen bencana, dan pendekatan rehabilitasi ekosistem dalam satu kerangka analitis terpadu yang belum dikaji secara komprehensif dalam literatur terdahulu.
Kata kunci: pariwisata hijau; rehabilitasi ekosistem; pemulihan pascabencana; deforestasi; pariwisata berkelanjutan; pariwisata berbasis masyarakat; ketahanan iklim
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